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纯JS+CSS实现图片预览、手势缩放

在一个网页中,不好引入Jq插件和其他插件去实现手势缩放,没办法只能另辟蹊径,通过css来放大缩小,未用scale。

先来一个效果展示

首先引入样式

.imgzoom_pack {
	width: 100%;
	height: 100%;
	position: fixed;
	left: 0;
	top: 0;
	background: rgba(0, 0, 0, .7);
	display: none;
}
.imgzoom_pack .imgzoom_img {
	width: 100%;
	height: 100%;
	position: absolute;
	left: 0;
	top: 0;
	overflow: hidden;
	background: black;
}
.imgzoom_pack .imgzoom_img img {
	width: 100%;
	position: absolute;
	top: 50%;
}
.informBlock {
	margin: 0 11% 22px;
	width: 78%;
	text-align: center;
}
.informBlock img {
	margin-bottom: 5px;
	max-height: 250px;
	max-width: 100%;
	border-radius: 2%;
}

然后插入对应显示的背景节点

<section class="imgzoom_pack">
    <div class="imgzoom_x">
        <div class="imgzoom_img"><img src=""/></div>
    </div>
</section>

最后引入js

(function(window, undefined){
    var document = window.document,
        support = {
            transform3d: ("WebKitCSSMatrix" in window && "m11" in new WebKitCSSMatrix()),
            touch: ("ontouchstart" in window)
        };
    function getTranslate(x, y){
        var distX = x, distY = y;
        return support.transform3d ? "translate3d("+ distX +"px, "+ distY +"px, 0)" : "translate("+ distX +"px, "+ distY +"px)";
    }
    function getPage(event, page) {
        return support.touch ? event.changedTouches[0][page] : event[page];
    }
    var ImagesZoom = function(){};
    ImagesZoom.prototype = {
        // 给初始化数据
        init: function(param){
            var self   = this,
                params = param || {};
            var imgList   = document.querySelectorAll(params.elem + " img"),
                zoomMask  = document.querySelector(".imgzoom_pack"),
                zoomImg   = document.querySelector(".imgzoom_pack .imgzoom_img img"),
                zoomClose = document.querySelector(".imgzoom_pack"),
                imgSrc    = "";
            self.buffMove   = 3; //缓冲系数
            self.buffScale  = 2; //放大系数
            self.finger = false; //触摸手指的状态 false:单手指 true:多手指
            self._destroy();
            zoomClose.addEventListener("click", function(){
                zoomMask.style.cssText = "display:none";
                zoomImg.src = "";
                zoomImg.style.cssText = "";
                self._destroy();
                document.removeEventListener("touchmove", self.eventStop, false);
            }, false);
            for(var len=imgList.length,i=0; i<len; i++){
                imgList[i].addEventListener("click", function(){
                    imgSrc = this.getAttribute("src");
                    zoomMask.style.cssText = "display:block";
                    zoomImg.src = imgSrc;
                    zoomImg.onload = function(){
                        zoomImg.style.cssText = "margin-top:-"+(zoomImg.offsetHeight/2)+"px";
                        // 禁止页面滚动
                        document.addEventListener("touchmove", self.eventStop, false);
                        self.imgBaseWidth  = zoomImg.offsetWidth;
                        self.imgBaseHeight = zoomImg.offsetHeight;
                        self.addEventStart({
                            wrapX: zoomMask.offsetWidth,
                            wrapY: zoomMask.offsetHeight,
                            mapX: zoomImg.width,
                            mapY: zoomImg.height
                        });
                    }
                }, false);
            }
        },
        addEventStart: function(param){
            var self   = this,
                params = param || {};
            self.element = document.querySelector(".imgzoom_pack img");
            //config set
            self.wrapX = params.wrapX || 0;     //可视区域宽度
            self.wrapY = params.wrapY || 0;     //可视区域高度
            self.mapX  = params.mapX || 0;      //地图宽度
            self.mapY  = params.mapY || 0;      //地图高度
            self.outDistY = (self.mapY - self.wrapY)/2; //图片超过一屏的时候有用
            self.width  = self.mapX - self.wrapX;   //地图的宽度减去可视区域的宽度
            self.height = self.mapY - self.wrapY;   //地图的高度减去可视区域的高度
            const clickEvent = (function() {
                if ('ontouchstart' in document.documentElement === true)
                    return 'touchstart';
                else
                    return 'click';
            })();
            self.element.addEventListener("click",function(e){
                var zoomMask  = document.querySelector(".imgzoom_pack"),
                zoomImg   = document.querySelector(".imgzoom_pack .imgzoom_img img");
                zoomMask.style.cssText = "display:none";
                zoomImg.src = "";
                zoomImg.style.cssText = "";
                self._destroy();
                document.removeEventListener("touchmove", self.eventStop, false);
            },false)
            self.element.addEventListener("touchstart",function(e){
                self._touchstart(e);
            },false);
            self.element.addEventListener("touchmove",function(e){
                self._touchmove(e);
            },false);
            self.element.addEventListener("touchend",function(e){
                self._touchend(e);
            },false);
        },
        // 重置坐标数据
        _destroy: function(){
            this.distX = 0;
            this.distY = 0;
            this.newX  = 0;
            this.newY  = 0;
        },
        // 更新地图信息
        _changeData: function(){
            this.mapX     = this.element.offsetWidth;     //地图宽度
            this.mapY     = this.element.offsetHeight;      //地图高度
            // this.outDistY = (this.mapY - this.wrapY)/2; //当图片高度超过屏幕的高度时候。图片是垂直居中的,这时移动有个高度做为缓冲带
            this.width    = this.mapX - this.wrapX;   //地图的宽度减去可视区域的宽度
            this.height   = this.mapY - this.wrapY;   //地图的高度减去可视区域的高度
        },
        _touchstart: function(e){
            var self = this;
            //e.preventDefault();  //点击图片也会关闭
            var touchTarget = e.targetTouches.length; //获得触控点数
            self._changeData(); //重新初始化图片、可视区域数据,由于放大会产生新的计算
            if(touchTarget == 1){
                // 获取开始坐标
                self.basePageX = getPage(e, "pageX");
                self.basePageY = getPage(e, "pageY");
                self.finger = false;
            }else{
                self.finger = true;
                self.startFingerDist = self.getTouchDist(e).dist;
                self.startFingerX    = self.getTouchDist(e).x;
                self.startFingerY    = self.getTouchDist(e).y;
            }
        },
        _touchmove: function(e){
            var self = this;
            e.preventDefault();
            e.stopPropagation();
            var touchTarget = e.targetTouches.length; //获得触控点数
            if(touchTarget == 1 && !self.finger){
                self._move(e);
            }
            if(touchTarget>=2){
                self._zoom(e);
            }
        },
        _touchend: function(e){
            var self = this;
            self._changeData(); //重新计算数据
            if(self.finger){
                self.distX = -self.imgNewX;
                self.distY = -self.imgNewY;
            }
            if( self.distX>0 ){
                self.newX = 0;
            }else if( self.distX<=0 && self.distX>=-self.width ){
                self.newX = self.distX;
                self.newY = self.distY;
            }else if( self.distX<-self.width ){
                self.newX = -self.width;
            }
            self.reset();
        },
        _move: function(e){
            var self = this,
                pageX = getPage(e, "pageX"), //获取移动坐标
                pageY = getPage(e, "pageY");
            // 禁止默认事件
            // e.preventDefault();
            // e.stopPropagation();
            // 获得移动距离
            self.distX = (pageX - self.basePageX) + self.newX;
            self.distY = (pageY - self.basePageY) + self.newY;
            if(self.distX > 0){
                self.moveX = Math.round(self.distX/self.buffMove);
            }else if( self.distX<=0 && self.distX>=-self.width ){
                self.moveX = self.distX;
            }else if(self.distX < -self.width ){
                self.moveX = -self.width+Math.round((self.distX+self.width)/self.buffMove);
            }
            self.movePos();
            self.finger = false;
        },
        // 图片缩放
        _zoom: function(e){
            var self = this;
            // e.preventDefault();
            // e.stopPropagation();
            var nowFingerDist = self.getTouchDist(e).dist, //获得当前长度
                ratio         = nowFingerDist / self.startFingerDist, //计算缩放比
                imgWidth      = Math.round(self.mapX * ratio), //计算图片宽度
                imgHeight     = Math.round(self.mapY * ratio); //计算图片高度
            // 计算图片新的坐标
            self.imgNewX = Math.round(self.startFingerX * ratio - self.startFingerX - self.newX * ratio);
            self.imgNewY = Math.round((self.startFingerY * ratio - self.startFingerY - self.newY * ratio)/2);
            if(imgWidth >= self.imgBaseWidth){
                self.element.style.width = imgWidth + "px";
                self.refresh(-self.imgNewX, -self.imgNewY, "0s", "ease");
                self.finger = true; 
            }else{
                if(imgWidth < self.imgBaseWidth){
                    self.element.style.width = self.imgBaseWidth + "px";
                }
            }
            self.finger = true;
        },
        // 移动坐标
        movePos: function(){
            var self = this;
            if(self.height<0){
                if(self.element.offsetWidth == self.imgBaseWidth){
                    self.moveY = Math.round(self.distY/self.buffMove);
                }else{
                    var moveTop = Math.round((self.element.offsetHeight-self.imgBaseHeight)/2);
                    self.moveY = -moveTop + Math.round((self.distY + moveTop)/self.buffMove);
                }
            }else{
                var a = Math.round((self.wrapY - self.imgBaseHeight)/2),
                    b = self.element.offsetHeight - self.wrapY + Math.round(self.wrapY - self.imgBaseHeight)/2;
                if(self.distY >= -a){
                    self.moveY = Math.round((self.distY + a)/self.buffMove) - a;
                }else if(self.distY <= -b){
                    self.moveY = Math.round((self.distY + b)/self.buffMove) - b;
                }else{
                    self.moveY = self.distY;
                }
            }
            self.refresh(self.moveX, self.moveY, "0s", "ease");
        },
        // 重置数据
        reset: function(){
            var self = this,
                hideTime = ".2s";
            if(self.height<0){
                self.newY = -Math.round(self.element.offsetHeight - self.imgBaseHeight)/2;
            }else{
                var a = Math.round((self.wrapY - self.imgBaseHeight)/2),
                    b = self.element.offsetHeight - self.wrapY + Math.round(self.wrapY - self.imgBaseHeight)/2;
                if(self.distY >= -a){
                    self.newY = -a;
                }else if(self.distY <= -b){
                    self.newY = -b;
                }else{
                    self.newY = self.distY;
                }
            }
            self.refresh(self.newX, self.newY, hideTime, "ease-in-out");
        },
        // 执行图片移动
        refresh: function(x, y, timer, type){
            this.element.style.webkitTransitionProperty = "-webkit-transform";
            this.element.style.webkitTransitionDuration = timer;
            this.element.style.webkitTransitionTimingFunction = type;
            this.element.style.webkitTransform = getTranslate(x, y);
        },
        // 获取多点触控
        getTouchDist: function(e){
            var x1 = 0,
                y1 = 0,
                x2 = 0,
                y2 = 0,
                x3 = 0,
                y3 = 0,
                result = {};
            x1 = e.touches[0].clientX;
            x2 = e.touches[1].clientX;
            y1 = e.touches[0].clientY - document.body.scrollTop;
            y2 = e.touches[1].clientY - document.body.scrollTop;
            if(!x1 || !x2) return;
            if(x1<=x2){
                x3 = (x2-x1)/2+x1;
            }else{
                x3 = (x1-x2)/2+x2;
            }
            if(y1<=y2){
                y3 = (y2-y1)/2+y1;
            }else{
                y3 = (y1-y2)/2+y2;
            }
            result = {
                dist: Math.round(Math.sqrt(Math.pow(x1-x2,2)+Math.pow(y1-y2,2))),
                x: Math.round(x3),
                y: Math.round(y3)
            };
            return result;
        },
        eventStop: function(e){
            e.preventDefault();
            e.stopPropagation();
        }
    };
    window.ImagesZoom = new ImagesZoom();
})(this);

最后就是使用了,只需要传入图片上级class即可

ImagesZoom.init({
    "elem": ".page-content"  //传入上级class
});

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